Economic gold at extraction can be reached from ore grades of all kg on 0.5 g/1000 (0.5 parts in one million, ppm) on the average in the big easily extracted deposits. Typical ore grades in open-cast mines - kg on 1-5 g/1000 (1–5 ppm), ore grades in underground or firm mountain mines - usually kg on 3 g/1000 (3 ppm). As ore grades of kg on 30 g/1000 (30 ppm) are usually necessary before gold probably to a naked eye, in the majority of gold mines, gold is invisible.



From 1880 years Southern Africa was a source for the big proportion of gold delivery in the world, approximately from 50 % of all gold ever made arriving of Southern Africa. Manufacture in 1970 made 79 % of world delivery, making approximately 1 000 tons. However by 2007 manufacture was only 272 tons. This sharp decrease has occurred because of increasing difficulty of extraction, changing the business factors mentioning the industry, and has compressed safety audit. In 2007 China (with 276 tons) has overtaken Southern Africa as the biggest in the world of the gold manufacturer, for the first time since 1905.

The city of Iogannesburg located in Southern Africa, has been based as a result of the Impulse of Gold of Witwatersrand which has led to opening of some of the greatest deposits of gold which ever saw the world. The gold mines located within pool in the Free condition and areas Gauteng, are extensive in strike and the falling demanding some of deepest mines in the world, with Savuka and mines TauTona which are now the deepest gold mine in the world in 3 777 m.

Other main manufacturers - the United States, Australia, China, Russia and Peru. Mines in South Dakota and Nevada deliver two thirds of the gold used in the United States. In the South America disputable design Llama Pascua aspires to operation of rich areas in high mountains of Atacama desert, in border between Chile and Argentina. Today about one quarter of world gold production as it is estimated, occurs from artisanal or a small-scale mining industry.

After initial manufacture gold is cleared often subsequently in the industrial relation by process Wohlwill or process of the Miller. Other methods of approbation and clarification of smaller quantity of gold include division and inquartation, just as cuppelation, or clearing of the methods based on dissolution of gold in imperial vodka.

Oceans in the world hold extensive quantity of gold, but in very low concentration (1–2 parts in 10 billion are possible). Many people asserted, that were able return economically gold from sea water. Saint Prescott Jernegan operated a cheating of gold from sea water in America in 1890 years. The British swindle operated the same fraud in England in the beginning of 1900 years.



Haber (the German inventor of process Haber) did attempt of commercial extraction of gold from sea water to help pays indemnifications of Germany after the First World War. Unfortunately, its estimation of concentration of gold in sea water was illegally high. The effort has made a few gold and the German government much more, than commercial value of the restored gold costed. Any commercially viable mechanism to execute gold extraction from sea water has not been identified yet. Gold synthesis is not economically viable and hardly becomes so in the foreseeable future.

Average gold mining and extraction expenses make 238$ for ounce, but they can change widely depending on extracting type and ore quality.